Contents
Learn minna no nihongo lesson 22
3. Grammar :
Complement nouns
When complementing nouns, the complements always stands before noun that is modified.
Example:
新しいうち
Atarashi uchi
New house.
きれいなうち
Kireinauchi
Beautiful house.
わたしのうち
Watashi no uchi
My house.
Complement nouns by subordinate clause
The previous part that modifies noun is in plain form. If the subordinate clause is an Adj [な], we will replace [だ] with [な], if it is noun, we will replace [だ] with [の]
Example :
とうきょうへいくひと
Toukyou e iku hito
A person who goes to Tokyo.
せがたかくて、かみがくろいひと
Segatakakute, kami ga kuroi hito
A person who is tall and has black hair.
しんせつで、きれいなひと
Shinsetsu de, kireina hito
Kind and beautiful person.
We can choose any noun in the sentence, then convert the sentence to a clause that complements that noun.
Example :
わたしはせんしゅうえいがをみました。
Watashi wa senshuu eiga o mimashita.
I watched a movie last week.
わたしがせんしゅうみたえいが。
Watashiga senshuu mitaega.
The movie that I watched last week.
わたしはあしたともだちにあいます。
Watashi wa ashita tomodachi ni aimasu.
I will meet my friend tomorrow.
わたしがあしたあうともだち。
Watashi ga ashita au tomodachi.
The friend that I will meet tomorrow.
*The bold nouns become the nouns that are complemented, so the accompanying particles aren’t necessary.
The noun that is complemented is used in many different sentence patterns (such as ミラーさんがすんでいたうち）
Example :
これは ミラーさんがすんでいたうちです。
Kore wa Miraa-san ga sundeita uchi desu.
This is the house where Mr Miller lived.
わたしはミラーさんがすんでいたうち がすきです。
Watashi wa Miraa san ga sundeita uchi ga sukidesu.
I like the house where Mr. Miller lived.
ミラーさんがすんでいたうちはふるいです。
Miraa san ga sundeita uchi wa furuidesu.
The house where Mr. Miller lived is old.
Noun が
In the subordinate clauses and the clauses that complement nouns, the subject comes with [が]
Example :
これはミラーさんがつくってケーキです。
Kore wa Miraa san ga tsukutte keiki desu.
This is a cake made by Mr. Miller.
Vる時間/約束/用事
When we want to talk about time to do something, we use verbs in dictionary form before [じかん]
Example :
わたしはあさごはんをたべるじかんがありません
Watashi wa asagohan o taberu jikan ga arimasen.
I don’t have time to eat breakfast.
When we want to talk about the content of tasks or things that we have to do, we ues verbs in dictionary form before [ようじ] and [やくそく]
Example :
ともだちとえいがをみるやくそくがあります。
Tomodachi to eiga o miru yakusoku ga arimasu.
I have a promise to watch a movie with my friends.
きのうはしやくしょへいくようじがありました。
Kinou wa shayasho e iku youji ga arimashita.
I had a business to go to the city hall yesterday.
4. Kaiwa
どんなアパートがいいですか
Donna apaato ga ii desuka?
不動産屋：こちらはいかがですか。家賃は8万円です。
Fudosanya: Kochira wa ikagadesu ka. Yachin wa 8 man-endesu.
ワン：うーん、･････。ちょっと駅から遠いですね。
Wan: U…n,. Chotto eki kara touidesu ne.
不動産屋：じゃ、こちらは？便利ですよ。駅から歩いて3分ですから。
Fudosanya: Ja, kochira wa? Benridesu yo. Eki kara aruite 3-budesukara.
ワン：そうですね。ダイニングキッチンと和室が 1つと･････。すみません。ここは何ですか。
Wan: Soudesu ne. Dainingu kichinto washitsu ga hittotsu to. Sumimasen. Koko wa nanidesu ka.
不動産屋：押し入れです。布団を入れる所ですよ。
Fudosanya: Oshiiredesu. Futon o ireru tokorodesu yo.
ワン：そうですか。この アパート、きょう見ることができますか。
Wan: Soudesu ka. Kono apaato, kyou miru koto ga dekimasu ka.
不動産屋：ええ。今から行きましょうか。
Fudosanya: Ee. Ima kara ikimashou ka.
ワン：ええ、お願いします。
Wan: Ee. Onegaishimasu.
Translation:
What kind of apartment do you like?
The Realtor: What about this one?
The rent is 80,000 yen.
Wan: Hmm…. It’s a bit far from the station.
The Realtor: Well, what about this one?
It’s convenient. And it takes 3 minutes to walk from the station.
Wan: That’s right.
There is a dining kitchen and a Japanese-style room.……
Excuse me. What is this place?
The Realtor: This is the closet. This is the place where you keep the futon.
Wan: Is that so.
Can I go to see this apartment today?
The Realtor: Yes. Shall we go now?
Wan: Yes, please.
