Japanese はずだ grammar hazuda
Let’s learn Japanese はずだ grammar hazuda :
JLPT level : N4
Formation :
Nのはずだ
Aな＋なはずだ
Aい／Vはずだ
Meaning and how to use :
1. Describe a thing that you deemed obvious, based on logical assumptions. Often translated as “Definitely”.
Examples:
今、彼女はアメリカに着いたはずだ。
Ima, kanojo ha amerika ni tsui ta hazu da.
She must definitely be at America by now.
今山田さんが留守なので、子犬が隣の人に頼まれたはずだ。
Kon yamada san ga rusu na node, koinu ga tonari no hito ni tanomare ta hazu da.
Yamada is out now so the little dog definitely is sent to neighbor to be taken care of.
限りの出版物が発行されましたから、すぐに売れ切るはずだ。
Kagiri no shuppan butsu ga hakkou sare mashi ta kara, sugu ni ure kiru hazu da.
Because the limited edition is just out now so it definitely will be sold out instantly.
2. Describe the feeling of realization, recognition that the speaker previously didn’t understand/know.
Examples:
彼は何度も読み直したはずだ。そんなに面白いマガジンだね。
Kare ha nan do mo yominaoshi ta hazu da. Sonnani omoshiroi magajin da ne.
I’m not surprised he read it again many times. This magazine is so interesting.
彼女は今日非常にうれしいはずです。告白されたばかりだね。
Kanojo ha kyou hijou ni ureshii hazu desu. Kokuhaku sare ta bakari da ne.
It’s no wonder that she’s so happy. Someone confessed their feeling to her.
熱いはずです。エアコンがついていませんね。
Atsui hazu desu. Eakon ga tsui te i mase n ne.
It’s no surprised that it’s hot. The air conditioner isn’t on.
Note for the use 1:
+) In case the situation happened different than the speaker’s expectation, it can also mean “surprised, doubtful”
+) Can be used for your own action as long as it’s not a conscious one.
+) Can be used to describe a third person’s plan or expectation but not himself/yourself.
Related structures :
たはず tahazu
はずがない hazuganai
はずだった hazudatta
はずではなかった hazudehanakatta, hazu dehanakatta
above is Japanese はずだ grammar hazuda. if you don’t understand the signs we used in fomation, you can find their meaning here : signs used in Japanese grammar structures.
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