Contents
Learn minna no nihongo lesson 21
3. Grammar
Plain form + と思います : I think that ~
Use to express the judgment :
Example :
あしたあめがふるとおもいます。
Ashita ame ga furu to omoimasu.
I think that it will be raining tomorrow.
テラさちゃんはねるとおもいます。
Terasachan wa neru to omoimasu.
I think Terasa is sleeping.
* When judging the content that has negative meaning, we use negative form before [と]
Example :
ミラーさんはこのニュースをしっていますか？
Miraa san wa kono nyuusu o shitte imasuka?
Does Mr. Miller know this news?
いいえ、たぶんしらないとおもいます。
Iie, tabun shinai to omoimasu.
No, I think he doesn’t.
Use to express opinion :
Example :
にほんはぶっかがたかいとおもいます。
Nihon wa bukka ga takai to omoimasu
I think the prices in Japan are high.
* When we want to ask someone’s opinion about something, we use the structure: [~について どうおもいますか], and we don’t add [と] after [どう]
Example :
あたらしいくうこうについてどうおもいますか？
Atarashii kuukou nitsuite douomoimasuka?
What do you think about the new airport?
きれいですが、ちょっとこうつうがふべんだとおもいます。
Kireidesuga, chotto koutsuu ga fubenda to omoimasu.
I think it is beautiful but the transportation is a little inconvenient.
* To express the agreement or disagreement with the speaker, we use :
ファクスはべんりですね。
Fakusu wa benri desune!
Fax is convenient, isn’t it?
わたしもそうおもいます。
Watashi mo sou omoimasu.
I think so, too!
わたしはそう「は」おもいません。
Watashi wa sou (wa) omoimasen.
I don’t think so!
Sentence/ Plain form + と言います。
Meaning: say ~
Usage: Use to report something
Direct speech
We leave the quote in 「」
Example :
ねるまえに、「おやすみなさい」といいます。
Nerumaeni, [oyasuminasai] to iimasu.
Before going to bed, we say “Good night (Oyasuminasai)”.
みらーさんは「らいしゅうとうきょうへしゅっちょうします」といいました。
Mira san wa [Raishuu toukyou e shucchoushimasu] to iimashita.
Mr. Miller said, “I will go on a business trip to Tokyo next week”.
Reported speech
Use plain form before [と], the tense of the quote doesn’t depend on the tense of the sentence
Example :
みらーさんはらいしゅうとうきょうへしゅっちょうするといいました。
Miraa san wa raishuu tokyou e shucchousuru to iimashita.
Mr. Miller said that he would go on a business trip to Tokyo the following week.
V/Adj/N in plain form + でしょう？
Meaning: maybe/ perhaps ~ , right?
Usage: Use when you expect that the listener knows or has an understanding about what you say and want the listener to agree with your opinion.
でしょう is pronounced with a high voice like a question to confirm the listener’s agreement.
Example:
明日日本へ行くでしょう？
Ashita nippon e iku deshou?
Will you go to Japan tomorrow? (You will go Japan tomorrow, right?)
そのかばんはたかかったでしょう？
Sono kaban wa takakatta deshou?
That bag was expensive, wasn’t it?
いいえ、そんなにたかくなかったです。
Iie, sonnani takakunakatta desu.
No, it wasn’t that expensive.
N (event) で
Meaning: at, in
Usage: Use to express place where an event or something occurs.
Kaigi de nani iken wo iimashitaka?
Did you give any idea in the meeting?
Noun 1(place) + で + Noun 2 + があります
Meaning : At (In) Noun 1, Noun 2 take place
Usage: When Noun 2 are events such as parties, concerts, festivals, accidents or disasters…, [あります] mean: to be held, to take place
Example :
こうべで おおきい じしん が ありました。
Koube de ooki jishin ga arimashita.
There was a big earthquake in Kobe.
あした、ゆきちゃんのうちでパーティーがあります。
Ashita, Yukichan no uchi de Paatii ga arimasu.
There will be a party at Yuki’s house tomorrow. (A party will be held at Yuki’s house tomorrow)
N でも V
Use [でも] when you want to propose something with an example to the other.
Example :
ちょっとビールでも飲みませんか。
Chotto biiru demo nomimasenka?
Would you like to go for a beer or something?
Vないと
Meaning: must do something
Briefly speaking of [V-ない + といけません], [いけません] is omitted.
It has the same meaning as [V-ない + なければなりません]
Example :
もう かえらないと。。。
Mou kaeranaito…
I must go home…
4. Kaiwa
わたしもそう思います
Watashi mo sou omoimasu
松本：あ、サントスさん、しばらくですね。
Matsumoto: A, Santosu san, shibarakudesune.
サントス：あ、松本さん、お元気ですか。
Santosu: A, Matsumoto san, ogenki desuka?
松本：ええ。ちょっとビールでも飲みませんか。
Matsumoto: Ee. Chotto biiru demo nomimasenka?
サントス：いいですね。
Santosu: II desene.
サントス：今晩10時から日本とブラジルのサッカーの試合がありますね。
Santosu: Konban 10-ji kara Nihon to Burajiru no sakkaa no shiai ga arimasu ne.
松本：ああ、そうですね。ぜひ見ないと･････。サントスさんはどちらが勝つと思いますか。
Matsumoto: Aa, soudesune. Zehi minai to. Santosu-san wa dochira ga katsu to omoimasu ka.
サントス：もちろんブラジルですよ。
Santosu: Mochiron Burajirudesu yo.
松本：でも、最近日本も強くなりましたよ。
Matsumoto: Demo, saikin Nihon mo tsuyoku narimashita yo.
サントス：ええ、わたしもそう 思いますが、･････。あ、もう 帰らないと、･････。
Santosu: E e, watashi mo sou omoimasuga… A, Mou kaeranaito,…
松本：そうですね。じゃ、帰りましょう。
Matsumoto: Soudesune. Ja, kaerimashou.
Translation:
I think so, too.
Matsumoto: Oh, Mr. Santos, it’s been a while.
Santos: Ah, Mr. Matsumoto, how are you?
Matsumoto: I’m fine. Would you like to go grab a beer or somthing?
Santos: Sounds good.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Santos: There is a football match between Japan and Brazil from 10 o’clock this evening.
Matsumoto: Oh, yes. I must watch it by all means…
Mr. Santos, which country do you think will win?
Santos: Of course it is Brazil.
Matsumoto: But Japan has also become stronger recently.
Santos: Yes, I think so too but….
Ah, I must go home……………
Matsumoto: Yes. Well, let’s go together.
